Cannabis: A miraculous illicit drug …
Written by nutritionist Marios Dimopoulos
Cannabis oil is a concentrated form of cannabis that is consumed orally. By consuming large amounts of the oil over a period of three to six months, almost any disease you can imagine can be cured or completely controlled. This is possible because cannabis acts through the endocannabinoid system, the super-regulatory system of our body, which maintains homeostasis in other systems.
You can see the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis in all the diseases in which smoking cannabis is beneficial. It is known that people with cancer, chronic pain, inflammatory conditions and other diseases who smoke cannabis have remarkable effectiveness. It’s completely bizarre that setting cannabis on fire and inhaling the smoke (which results in you getting the cannabinoids in a low-concentration form through your lungs) works better than many expensive medications.
But with cannabis oil, there are two key differences: First, the cannabinoids are much more concentrated than with tobacco, and so it has a more potent effect on our systems. Second, we consume the oil, not smoke it, which means it’s digested through the system that needs to absorb the ingredients. In essence, we’re feeding our bodies molecules that allow us to stay in balance, and since all diseases are some kind of imbalance, this medicine is effective against almost any condition.
Banning medical marijuana is a crime against humanity
There are hundreds of scientific studies showing that cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are effective against almost every disease. Some of the diseases that science has proven that cannabinoids can treat include arthritis, cancer, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) issued a statement in 2008 endorsing the medical use of marijuana. The group is pressuring the US government to lift the ban on medical marijuana. The American College of Physicians encourages the use of non-smokeable forms of THC (the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana), which have been shown to have therapeutic value. The American College of Physicians, the second largest medical organization in the United States, has cited studies on medical applications of marijuana, such as treating severe weight loss associated with diseases such as AIDS and treating nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients (1).
Medical cannabis has anti-carcinogenic effects, which are responsible for preventing or delaying the growth of cancer. This means that cannabinoids offer cancer patients a therapeutic option in the treatment of aggressive forms of cancer.
Science supports that cannabis oil containing high amounts of THC should be a primary cancer treatment and not just a supportive role to control the side effects of chemotherapy.
Hemp oil has long been recognized as one of the most beneficial ingredients known to man. Derived from hemp seeds, it has been labeled a superfood due to its high content of essential fatty acids and its unique ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 and gamma linolenic acid (GLA) – 2:5:1. Hemp oil contains over 5% pure GLA, a much higher concentration than any other plant, even higher than spirulina. For thousands of years, the hemp plant has been used in elixirs and medicinal teas for its healing properties.
Both the legal commercial form of hemp oil and the illegal THC-rich hemp oil are one of the most potent protein sources found in the plant kingdom.
Rick Simpson, a private citizen from Canada, makes cannabis oil and distributes it to friends and acquaintances, without charging for it. In small doses, he says, it does you good without getting you high. “You can’t deny your eyes,” Simpson says. “Here’s someone dying of cancer and they don’t die. I don’t care if the medicine comes from the tomato plant, the potato plant or the cannabis plant. If the medicine is safe, helps and is effective, why wouldn’t you use it?” he asks.
When a person has cancer and is dying, this question is very important. Rick Simpson’s bravery in showing us in online videos how to make our own cannabis oil gives many people hope that should be appreciated, as money is spent on expensive cancer treatments. We need cheap drugs in the future, and there is nothing better than those that we can make ourselves cheaply.
According to Dr. Robert Ramer and Dr. Burkhard Hinz of the University of Rostock in Germany, medicinal cannabis may be an effective treatment for cancer (2). Their research was published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute Advance Access on December 25, 2007 in a study titled “Inhibition of Cancer Cell Invasion by Cannabinoids via Increased Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1.” From this research, the scientists learned that treatment with cannabinoids, one of the active ingredients of medicinal cannabis, has been shown to reduce the invasiveness of cancer cells, that is, their ability to invade and actively destroy surrounding tissues.
It is already known that cannabis can increase patients’ appetite, but researchers have learned that cannabinoids, in addition to having palliative benefits in cancer treatment, have anti-cancer effects, which are responsible for preventing or delaying the development of cancer.
Marijuana cuts the growth of malignant lung tumors in half, a 2007 Harvard Medical School study shows. The active ingredient in marijuana cuts the growth of lung cancer tumors in half and significantly reduces the cancer’s ability to spread, say researchers at Harvard University who tested the compound in laboratory and mouse studies. “The beauty of this study is that we show that a commonly abused compound, if used judiciously, could offer a new avenue for treating lung cancer,” said Anju Preet, Ph.D., a research scientist in the Department of Experimental Medicine.
By targeting the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids (which are cannabinoids that are naturally produced in the body and activate these receptors) as well as marijuana’s THC are thought to play a role in a variety of biological functions, including pain and anxiety control and inflammation.
Researchers reported in the August 2004 issue of Cancer Research, the journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, that cannabis compounds prevented the spread of brain cancer in human tumor biopsies (3). A research team from the University of South Florida noted that THC can selectively block the activation and replication of herpes viruses. The viruses, which can lie dormant in white blood cells for years before becoming active and spreading to other cells, are thought to increase a person’s chances of developing cancers such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s disease.
In 1988, a research team at the Complutense University of Madrid discovered that THC can selectively induce programmed cell death in brain tumor cells, without adversely affecting adjacent healthy cells. In 2000, they reported in the journal Nature Medicine that injections of synthetic THC eliminated malignant gliomas (brain tumors) in a third of treated rats and extended the lives of another third of the rats by six weeks. Led by Dr. Manuel Guzman, the Spanish team announced that they had destroyed incurable cancerous tumors in rats by injecting them with THC (4).
Researchers at the University of Milan reported in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics that non-psychotropic components in cannabis inhibited the growth of glial cells that cause glioma and selectively targeted and killed cancer cells through the process of apoptosis. “Non-psychotropic CBD exerts a significant anti-tumor effect both in cell culture and in vivo, thus suggesting a potential application of CBD as an anti-cancer agent” (5).
The first experiment to document the antitumor effects of cannabis was conducted in 1974 at the Medical College of Virginia. The results of this study were that the psychoactive component of cannabis, THC, “slowed the growth of lung, breast, and viral leukemia cancers in laboratory mice and extended their lifespan by 36 percent” (6). Funded by the National Institutes of Health to find evidence that cannabis damages the immune system, the study instead found that THC slowed the growth of three types of cancer in mice. The DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) quickly shut down the study.
A 1975 article in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute entitled “Antineoplastic Activity of Cannabinoids” reported: “The growth of Lewis lung adenocarcinoma was retarded by oral administration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN)” – two types of cannabinoids, a family of active ingredients in cannabis. “In mice treated for 20 consecutive days with THC and CBN, the size of the primary tumor was reduced.”
It’s legal for doctors to give people their chemical poisons, but you could go to jail if you try to save yourself or a loved one from cancer with cannabis oil.
There are hundreds of scientific studies showing that cannabis is effective against cancer. There is absolutely no reason why medical cannabis should not be legalised and cannabis oil should not be given to cancer patients. Unfortunately, we live in a world where governments and doctors would rather see people die than have access to this safe and effective cancer drug.
In 2006, scientists in England revealed that cannabis has the ability to destroy leukaemia cells. Dr Wai Man Liu and his team at Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry in London found that the main active ingredient in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can be used effectively against some forms of cancer.
Although there has been scientific evidence that cannabis can shrink or even kill tumors since the 1970s, recent interest in this research has been sparked by Run From The Cure, a documentary about a Canadian man who claims that oil from the cannabis plant cured his skin cancer. He then tried the treatment on many other cancer patients in his community with similar results.
The video has inspired hundreds of other people to try this treatment on themselves. It is therefore worth examining these claims and the research that supports them. Today there are dozens of videos on YouTube of people who have tried the same treatment. Many claim that cannabis oil has cured their cancers, and some of these videos include day-by-day photos showing their tumors shrinking. Although there are no formal clinical trials to support these claims, the idea that cannabis has potent anti-cancer properties is supported by preclinical, laboratory, and animal studies.
Dr. Robert Melamede states: “Over 600 scientific articles show that many forms of cancer (lung, breast, prostate, glioma, thyroid, leukemia, lymphoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, etc.) are killed by cannabinoids in tissue culture and in animal studies.” The idea that cannabis can treat cancer is also supported by epidemiological studies, which have found that long-term marijuana users have significantly lower rates of certain cancers than non-users.
Gliomas, a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, even with successful surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, claim the lives of 75% of its victims within 2 years and literally claim the lives of everyone within 5 years. But what if there were an alternative treatment for gliomas that could selectively target the cancer while leaving healthy cells untouched? And yet such a treatment may exist.
In 2008, a book was published entitled “Emerging Clinical Applications for Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Review of the Scientific Literature,” which lists over 150 preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic properties of cannabis and its various active components, known as cannabinoids. A chapter in the book summarizes the findings of more than 30 trials on the use of cannabinoids as anticancer agents, particularly for the treatment of gliomas.
Over the past 10 years, scientists around the world have found that cannabinoids can stop the spread of many cancer cells, including prostate, breast (7), lung (8), pancreatic (9), and brain (10) cancers. In January 2008, a study titled “Cannabinoids for Cancer Treatment: Progress and Promise” was published in the journal Cancer Research, which reviewed much of the research on the anticancer effects of cannabinoids (11). A 2006 trial published in the British Journal of Cancer reported that intracranial administration of THC was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation in people with advanced glioblastoma (12).
In 2008, Italian researchers reported in the scientific journal Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics that “cannabinoids have demonstrated a potent ability to reduce the growth of glioma tumors. They are selective antitumor agents, as they kill glioma cells without affecting healthy cells” (13).
The prohibition of cannabis has no scientific basis. To date, there are over 20,000 published studies or reviews in the scientific literature evaluating cannabis and its cannabinoids, and almost a third of these were published in the last three years. The scientific conclusions of the majority of modern research contradict the position of most states that cannabis is a particularly dangerous substance worthy of prohibition.
For example, in February 2010, researchers at the University of California Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research announced the findings of a series of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials on the therapeutic utility of inhaled cannabis. The studies concluded that marijuana should be the first-line treatment for patients with neuropathy and other serious illnesses. Among these studies conducted by the Center, four evaluated the ability of marijuana, when smoked, to relieve the pain of neuropathic pain, a difficult-to-treat type of nerve pain associated with cancer, diabetes, AIDS, and other diseases. All of the trials found that cannabis reduced patients’ pain to a degree that was better than available medications.
Another study conducted by researchers at the Center evaluated the use of marijuana as a treatment for patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. This study found that “smoked cannabis was superior to placebo in reducing spasticity and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis and provided some benefits beyond prescription medications.”
A 2010 review by researchers in Germany reports that since 2005, there have been 37 controlled studies evaluating the safety and effectiveness of marijuana and its ingredients in 2,563 people.
While researchers in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s initially evaluated cannabis’ ability to temporarily relieve various symptoms of illness—such as nausea associated with chemotherapy—scientists are now examining the role of cannabinoids in treating illness.
Specifically, scientists are examining the ability of cannabinoids to treat autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as their role in treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lou Gehrig’s disease. Researchers are also studying the anticancer properties of cannabis, as a growing body of preclinical and clinical studies suggests that cannabinoids may reduce the spread of cancer cells through apoptosis (programmed cell death) and by inhibiting angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).
The discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system with specific receptors has advanced our understanding of the therapeutic effects of cannabis from folklore to reliable science. It is now becoming apparent that the cannabinoid system evolved with our species and is included in normal human physiology, specifically in the control of movement, pain, reproduction, memory, and appetite, among other biological functions. Additionally, the presence of cannabinoid receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues suggests that the cannabinoid system constitutes a previously unknown global network of the nervous system.
Proponents of the therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids say that patients should not smoke their medication. Patients who desire the rapid onset of action associated with inhalation but are concerned about the potential harms of tobacco eliminate their intake of carcinogenic components by vaporizing cannabis rather than smoking it. Vaporization of cannabis reduces respiratory toxins by heating the cannabis to a temperature sufficient to form vapor (around 180-190 degrees Celsius), but below the combustion point (around 230 degrees Celsius), where harmful smoke and related toxins (such as carcinogenic hydrocarbons) are produced.
This process eliminates the health risks of smoking. In clinical trials, vaporization has been shown to safely and effectively deliver pharmacologically active cannabinoids deep into the lungs, where the vascularized tissue will transport them to tissues throughout the body.
Most major medical groups, including the Institute of Medicine, agree that cannabis is a substance of significant therapeutic value whose “side effects are within the range of effects tolerated by other drugs.” A decade ago, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) studied the therapeutic properties of cannabis. After a thorough study, federal judge Francis L. Young concluded: “The evidence clearly shows that marijuana is capable of relieving the suffering of a large number of very sick people and does so safely under medical supervision.”
This herb and its therapeutic components affect every aspect of our body and mind. Let’s see how it has such a universal effect. American doctors of Integrative Medicine, who in their clinics treat thousands of patients with a multitude of diseases and symptoms, confirm that almost all of their patients benefit from the use of cannabis. But how can an herb help with so many different ailments? How can it have both a relieving and a therapeutic effect? How can it be so safe, while having such a powerful effect? Research to answer these questions led scientists to the discovery of a previously unknown physiological system, essential for the health and treatment of every human and almost every animal, the endocannabinoid system.
The endocannabinoid system, named after the plant that led to its discovery, is perhaps the most important physiological system involved in maintaining human health. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are found throughout the body: in the brain, in organs, in connective tissues, in glands, and in immune cells. In each tissue, the cannabinoid system performs a different task, but the goal is always the same: homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Cannabinoids induce homeostasis at every level of life. Let’s look at an example: autophagy, the process by which a cell causes a portion of its contents to be autophagy and recycled, is regulated by the cannabinoid system. While this process keeps normal cells alive by allowing them to maintain a balance between the synthesis, degradation, and subsequent recycling of cellular products, it has a lethal effect on malignant tumor cells, causing them to consume themselves through programmed cellular suicide. Cancer cell death promotes homeostasis and survival throughout the body.
Endocannabinoids and cannabinoids are also at the intersection of the body’s various systems, allowing communication and coordination between different cell types. For example, at the site of an injury, cannabinoids can be found reducing the release of activators and sensitizers from the injured tissue, stabilizing nerve cells to prevent excessive inflammation, and calming nearby immune cells to prevent the release of inflammatory components. Three different mechanisms of action on three different cell types for one single purpose: minimizing pain and damage caused by the injury.
The endocannabinoid system with its complex actions on our immune system, our nervous system, and all the organs in our body is literally a bridge between the body and the mind.
Cannabinoid receptors are present throughout the body, embedded in cell membranes, and are thought to be more numerous than any other receptor system. When cannabinoid receptors are stimulated, a variety of physiological processes ensue. Researchers have identified two cannabinoid receptors: CB1, which is found primarily in the nervous system, connective tissues, gonads, glands, and organs, and CB2, which is found primarily in the immune system. Many tissues contain both receptors, and each is associated with a different action. Researchers hypothesize that there is a third cannabinoid receptor.
Endocannabinoids are compounds that our bodies naturally produce to stimulate these receptors. The most well-understood of these molecules are called anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).
Phytocannabinoids are plant compounds that stimulate cannabinoid receptors. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the most psychoactive and popular of these compounds, but other cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are gaining interest from researchers due to their diverse therapeutic properties. Most phytocannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis sativa, but other medicinal herbs, such as echinacea purpura, have been found to contain non-psychotropic cannabinoids.
The marijuana plant also uses THC and other cannabinoids to promote its own health and prevent disease. Cannabinoids have antioxidant properties that protect the leaves from ultraviolet radiation. Cannabinoids neutralize harmful free radicals generated by UV rays, protecting cells. In humans, free radicals cause aging, cancer, and other diseases.
Laboratories can also produce cannabinoids. Synthetic THC, marketed as dronabinol (Marinol), and nabilone (Cesamet), a THC analog, are both FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of severe nausea. Other doctors have found them useful in treating chronic pain, migraines, and other serious conditions. Many other synthetic cannabinoids are used in animal studies, and some are 600 times more potent than THC.
As researchers study cannabis and cannabinoids, they are realizing that a functioning cannabinoid system is essential for health. From the implantation of the embryo in the wall of our mother’s uterus, to breastfeeding and development, to responding to injury, endocannabinoids help us survive in a rapidly changing and hostile environment. Realizing this, scientists have begun to wonder: Can a person boost their cannabinoid system by taking supplemental cannabis? Beyond treating symptoms, even treating diseases, can cannabis help us prevent disease and promote health by stimulating the ancient cannabinoid system?
Many scientists now believe the answer is yes. Research shows that small doses of cannabinoids from marijuana can signal the body to produce more endocannabinoids and make more cannabinoid receptors. This is why many people who smoke marijuana for the first time don’t feel any effects, but by the second or third time they smoke the plant, they have made more cannabinoid receptors and are ready to respond. More receptors increase a person’s sensitivity to cannabinoids, smaller doses have greater effects, and the person has increased endocannabinoid activity. Small, regular doses of marijuana can act as a stimulant to our central physiological healing system.
Many doctors react negatively to the thought of administering a botanical ingredient and don’t like the idea of someone smoking their medicine. Our Medical System Our medical system is accustomed to single, isolated ingredients that can be administered orally or injected. Unfortunately, this model significantly limits the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids.
Unlike synthetic derivatives, cannabis contains hundreds of different cannabinoids, including THC, all of which act synergistically to produce better medical results and fewer side effects than THC alone. While marijuana is safe and works well when smoked, many patients prefer to use a vaporizer or cannabis tincture. Scientific research and patient testimonials show that marijuana has greater therapeutic effects than synthetic cannabinoids.
So is it possible that medicinal cannabis is the most powerful medicine for treating all human diseases, a disease-preventing agent, and a plant that protects us in the increasingly toxic and carcinogenic environment we live in? The answer is yes. This was well known in the traditional medical systems of ancient India, China, and Tibet, and is starting to become quite well known in Western science. Of course, we need more human studies to study the effectiveness of cannabis, but the evidence is already abundant and growing.
Cannabis may be an effective anticancer drug. Studies show that it may be effective in treating gliomas (brain tumors). In September 1998, in the journal FEBS Letters, researchers from the School of Biology at the University of Madrid were the first to report that delta-9-THC induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) in glioma cells in culture (14). The researchers followed up on their initial findings in 2000 and reported that administration of THC and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 caused significant regression of malignant gliomas in animals (15). The researchers reconfirmed the ability of cannabinoids to inhibit tumor growth in animals in 2003 (16).
That same year, Italian researchers from the Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Toxicology at the University of Milan reported that the non-psychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), inhibited the growth of various human glioma cells in culture and in vivo. Writing in the November 2003 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward, researchers concluded: “Non-psychotropic CBD exerts significant antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential application of CBD as an anticancer agent (17).
In 2004, Guzman and colleagues reported that cannabinoids inhibited the growth of glioma tumors in animals and in human glioblastoma (CBM) models by altering blood vessel morphology. Writing in the August 2004 issue of the journal Cancer Research, the researchers concluded that “the present laboratory and clinical findings provide a novel pharmacological target for cannabis-based therapies” (18).
Researchers at the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute reported that THC administered to human glioblastoma cell cultures reduced the spread of cancer cells and induced cell death more rapidly than WIN 55,212-2. The researchers also noted that THC selectively targeted cancer cells, leaving healthy cells unaffected, better than the synthetic cannabinoid (19). A preclinical trial reported that the combination of THC and the pharmaceutical drug temozolomide (TMZ) enhanced autophagy (programmed cell death) in brain tumors resistant to conventional anticancer treatments (20).
Researchers have also reported that THC administration reduces the growth of glioblastoma tumors in patients diagnosed with recurrent GBM (glioblastoma multiforme). In the first pilot clinical trial to evaluate the use of cannabinoids against GBM, researchers found that intratumoral administration of THC was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation in two of nine patients. “The good safety profile of THC, together with its potential antitumor activity noted here and in other studies, may provide the basis for future trials to evaluate the antitumor activity of cannabinoids,” the researchers concluded (21). Other researchers have also recently further explored cannabis-based therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma (22-24).
A separate report published in 2011 in the Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery also documented the sudden regression of brain tumors in two children treated with cannabis (25).
In addition to cannabinoids’ ability to suppress glioma cells, other studies show that cannabinoids and endocannabinoids can also inhibit the spread of other cancer cells, including breast, prostate, colorectal, gastric adenocarcinoma, skin carcinoma, leukemia cells, neuroblastoma, lung, uterine, thyroid epithelial cell, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cervical, oral, and lymphoma.
A Harvard study published on April 17, 2007 shows that marijuana’s active ingredient, THC, reduces tumor growth in lung cancer by half and significantly reduces the cancer’s ability to spread. Harvard researchers have tested THC in laboratory and mouse studies. The researchers say that THC works by naturally producing receptors to fight lung cancer (26). In a British pilot study, researchers injected THC into mice that had been transplanted with human lung cancer cells for three weeks and found that the tumors shrank in size and weight by about 50% in the treated mice compared to the control group. There was also a 60% reduction in cancerous lesions in the lungs of these mice, as well as a significant reduction in protein markers associated with cancer progression.
According to a 2007 study and a 2010 study at the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, cannabidiol (CBD) stops breast cancer from spreading throughout the body by regulating a gene called ID1. This could be a non-toxic alternative to chemotherapy, achieving the same results without the painful and unwanted side effects of chemotherapy. The research team says that CBD works by blocking the action of a gene called ID1, which is thought to be responsible for metastasis (27).
As a result, many experts now believe that cannabinoids “constitute a new class of anticancer drugs that slow cancer growth, inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells” (28-29).
Cannabis can therefore prevent cancer as well as many other diseases, and is a promising drug for the treatment of cancer. So why does the ruling establishment prohibit the use of cannabis for medical purposes, as a result of which patients cannot find such an effective medicine to treat their various ailments?
35 scientific studies that prove that cannabis can be the cure for cancer
Below I list 35 scientific studies that have been published in official medical journals and prove that cannabis can cure cancer. These studies are hidden by pharmaceutical companies, because if medicinal cannabis is allowed in all states, this will be the final end of pharmaceutical companies and the big profitable business called chemotherapy. Let’s see all the studies categorized by condition.
A. Brain Cancer
1. In 2006, a study was published in the British Journal of Cancer, where tetrahydrocannabinol was administered to patients with glioblastoma (brain cancer) with very good results. The authors of the study reported that until now there had been many studies in experimental animals that showed that tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, there had been no study in humans. So these scientists did a pilot trial, in which they administered tetrahydrocannabinol intracranially to 9 patients with glioblastoma. The patients had not seen any benefit from conventional treatments (surgery and radiation) and had clear evidence of tumor progression. Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in culture and reduced the Ki67 tumor cell, when administered to two patients (30).
2. In 2001, a study was published in the journal Cancer Research, which showed that selective activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors in the brain of mice prevented the growth of glioma (31).
3. In 2003, a study was published in the journal Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, entitled “Antitumor activity of cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, in human glioma cells.” The authors of the study wrote: “Recently, cannabinoids (CBs) have been shown to have antitumor properties. We conducted the present study to evaluate the in vitro (in test tubes) antiproliferative activity of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid component, in human glioma cells U87 and U373.
Finally, cannabidiol was administered to mice and significantly inhibited the growth of human U87 glioma cells implanted subcutaneously in the mice. In conclusion, non-psychotropic cannabidiol (CBD) was able to induce significant antitumor activity both in vitro (in the laboratory) and in vivo (in living organisms), thus suggesting a potential application of cannabidiol as an antineoplastic (anticancer) agent” (32).
4. In 2011, a study entitled “A preclinical combination therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide against glioma” was published in the journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. The study authors write: “Glioblastoma multiforme is highly resistant to current anticancer therapies, and thus it is imperative to find new therapeutic strategies that will help improve the poor prognosis of patients suffering from the disease. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC), the major active ingredient of marijuana, and other cannabinoid receptor agonists inhibit tumor growth in animal models of cancer, including glioma, an effect that is based, at least in part, on the induction of apoptosis (cell death) through autophagy of tumor cells.
Here we show that the combined administration of tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) and temozolomide has a potent antitumor effect in glioma xenografts, an effect that is also observed in tumors that are resistant to temozolomide treatment. Combined administration of tetrahydrocannabidiol and temozolomide enhanced autophagy. Administration of tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabidiol (CBD) (another cannabinoid that also induces glioma cell death through a mechanism of action different from that of tetrahydrocannabidiol) significantly reduced the growth of glioma xenografts.
Furthermore, treatment with temozolomide and tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabidiol induced potent antitumor activity in both temozolomide-sensitive and temozolomide-resistant tumors. Our findings support the potential of combined administration of tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabinoids for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme” (33).
5. In 2007, a study titled “Cannabinoids and Gliomas” was published in the journal Molecular Neurobiology. The authors of the study write: “Cannabinoids, the active components of the plant Cannabis sativa L., act in the body by mimicking endogenous components – endocannabinoids – which activate receptors on specific cells. Cannabinoids exert various sedative effects in cancer patients. In addition, cannabinoids inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells, including glioma cells, in experimental animals…Based on these preclinical findings, a pilot clinical study of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme has recently begun.
The safety profile of tetrahydrocannabinol, together with its potential inhibitory effects on tumor cells, warrants the planning of future trials to evaluate the potential antitumor activity of cannabinoids” (34).
6. In 2005, a study entitled “Cannabidiol inhibits the migration of human glioma cells through a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism” was published in the British Journal of Pharmacology (35).
7. In 2007, a study entitled “Cannabinoid action induces cell death by autophagy through induction of ER stress in human glioma cells” was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. The study authors wrote: “Here we show that Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active ingredient in marijuana, induces death of human glioma cells through stimulation of autophagy. These findings describe a mechanism by which tetrahydrocannabinol can promote autophagic death in human and mouse cancer cells and provide evidence that cannabinoid administration may be an effective therapeutic strategy for human cancers” (36).
8. In 2004, a study was published in the Journal of Cancer Research entitled: “Cannabinoids Inhibit the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Biochemical Pathway in Gliomas.” The study researchers wrote: “Cannabinoids inhibit tumor angiogenesis in mice, but the mechanism of their anti-angiogenic action is still unknown. Because the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, here we examined whether cannabinoids affect it.
As a first approach, cDNA analysis showed that administration of cannabinoids to glioma-bearing mice reduced the expression of several VEGF-related biochemical pathways genes. The use of other methods (ELISA, Western blotting, confocal microscopy) provided additional evidence that cannabinoids suppressed the VEGF biochemical pathway by reducing VEGF production and activation of VEGF receptors (VEGFR-2), the best known VEGF receptors, in glioma cell culture in mouse gliomas.
These changes in the VEGF pathway were paralleled by changes in tumor size. Furthermore, intravascular administration of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol to two patients with glioblastoma multiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma) reduced VEGF levels and VEGFR-2 activity in tumors. Because blocking the VEGF pathway is one of the most promising approaches currently available, the present findings provide a novel pharmacological target for cannabinoid-based therapies” (37).
B. Mouth and Throat Cancer
9. In 2010, a study was published in the journal Pharmacology entitled: “Cannabinoids Inhibit Cellular Respiration in Human Oral Cancer Cells.” The study authors wrote: “The major cannabinoids Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol are known to impair mitochondrial function and have anti-tumor properties. These observations prompted us to investigate their effects on mitochondrial O(2) consumption in human oral cancer Tu183 cells. These epithelial cells are resistant to anticancer drugs.” The conclusion of their study was: “These results indicate that cannabinoids are potent inhibitors of cellular respiration in Tu183 cancer cells and are toxic to these highly malignant tumors” (38).
C. Breast Cancer
10. In 2011, a study titled “Biochemical pathways mediating the effects of cannabinoids on reducing breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis” was published in the journal Breast Cancer Research Treatment. The study’s researchers wrote: “Invasion and metastasis of aggressive breast cancer cells are the final and fatal steps during cancer progression. Clinically, there are still limited therapeutic interventions available for aggressive and metastatic breast cancers. Therefore, effective, targeted, and non-toxic therapies are needed.
The Id-1 inhibitor has recently been shown to be a major regulator of the metastatic potential of breast cancer and other cancers. We previously reported that cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid with a low toxicity profile, upregulated Id-1 gene expression in human aggressive breast cancer cells in culture…We show that cannabinoids inhibit human breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion through different mechanisms…We show that cannabinoid treatment reduces the mass of primary tumors as well as the size and number of lung metastases. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of cannabinoids in preclinical models of breast cancer. The results may lead to the development of novel non-toxic compounds for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis” (39).
11. In 2011, a study was published in the journal PLoS One showing that cannabis components can inhibit the growth and invasion of breast cancer. The study’s researchers wrote: “Cannabinoids bind to the CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors and have been reported to have anti-tumor activity in various cancers. However, the mechanisms by which cannabinoids regulate tumor growth are poorly understood. In this study, we report that a synthetic non-psychotropic cannabinoid that specifically binds to the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor can regulate the growth and metastasis of breast tumors by inhibiting the signaling of the CXCR4 receptor and its ligand CXCL12. This biochemical signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in regulating cancer progression and metastasis. These studies also suggest that cannabinoid CB(2) receptors can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies against breast cancer” (40).
12. In 2006, a study titled “Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol in human breast carcinoma” was published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (41).
13. In 2010, a study titled “Cannabinoids reduce the progression of ErbB2-positive breast cancer through inhibition of ATK” was published in the journal Molecular Cancer. The study authors wrote: “ErbB2-positive breast cancer is characterized by highly aggressive phenotypes and reduced response to established therapies. Although ErbB2-targeted therapies have been designed, only a small percentage of patients respond to these therapies and most ultimately relapse. The existence of this population of highly aggressive and non-responsive or relapsed cancers is driving the search for new therapies.
The aim of this treatment was to determine whether cannabinoids could be a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of ErbB2-positive breast tumors. Our results show that both Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the most abundant and potent cannabinoid in marijuana, and JWH-133, a non-psychotropic CB2-selective receptor agonist, reduced tumor growth, tumor number, and the amount/severity of lung metastases in MMTV-neu mice.
Histological analyses of tumors revealed that cannabinoids inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis (cell death) of tumor cells, and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. These results provide strong preclinical evidence for the use of cannabinoid-based therapies for the treatment of ErbB2-positive breast cancer” (42).
14. In 2012, a study titled “Cannabinoids: A New Hope for the Treatment of Breast Cancer?” was published in the journal Cancer Treatment Review. The study’s researchers wrote: “Breast cancer is a common disease that affects 1 in 10 women at some point in their lives. Most importantly, breast cancer cannot be considered a single disease because it is characterized by distinct pathological and molecular subtypes that are treated with different therapies and have disparate clinical outcomes. Although highly effective therapies have been developed, some breast tumors are resistant to conventional therapies, and a significant number of these tumors recur.
Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed. Experimental evidence accumulating over the past few decades supports the anticancer activity of cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa. These compounds exert anti-proliferative, apoptotic (cell death), anti-metastatic and anti-invasive effects on a wide range of cancer cells in culture.
Furthermore, tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis are inhibited by cannabinoids in xenograft mouse models of cancer. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the anti-tumor potential of cannabinoids in breast cancer, suggesting that cannabinoid-based drugs may be useful in the treatment of most subtypes of breast cancer” (43).
15. In 1998, a study entitled “The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells” (44) was published in the journal PNAS.
16. In 2006, a study was published in the Journal of Cancer Research entitled “Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cells through regulation of Cdc2” (45).
17. In 2000, a study was published in the journal Endocrinology entitled “Suppression of nerve growth factor Trk receptors and prolactin receptors by endocannabinoids leads to inhibition of human breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation” (46).
D. Lung Cancer
18. In 2012, a study was published in the FASEB (Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology) entitled “Cannabidiol inhibits breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intracellular adhesion molecule-1” (47).
19. In 2011, a study was published in the journal Cancer Prevention Research entitled “Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 as novel targets for inhibiting the growth and metastasis of small cell lung cancer cells” (48).
20. In 2008, a study was published in the journal Oncogene entitled “Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell metastasis in vitro (in the laboratory) as well as their growth and metastasis in vivo (in living organisms)” (49).
E. Pancreatic Cancer
21. In 2006, a study titled “Cannabinoids Induce Apoptosis (Cell Death) in Pancreatic Tumor Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes” was published in the Journal of Cancer Research. The study’s researchers wrote: “Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are among the most malignant forms of cancer, and therefore it is of particular interest to establish new strategies to improve the prognosis of this deadly disease. This study was conducted to investigate the action of cannabinoids in pancreatic cancer. We show that cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human pancreatic tumor cells and in tumor biopsies at much higher levels than in normal pancreatic tissues.
Studies have shown that cannabinoid administration induced apoptosis (cell death), increased ceramide levels, and upregulated mRNA levels of the stress protein p8. Cannabinoids also reduced tumor cell growth in two animal models of pancreatic cancer. In addition, cannabinoid administration selectively increased apoptosis (cell death) and TRB3 expression in pancreatic tumor cells, but not in normal tissues. These findings provide the basis for a novel therapeutic approach to treat pancreatic cancer” (50).
F. Prostate Cancer
22. In 2003, a study titled “Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human prostate cancer cells: a consequence of regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors and ceramide production” was published in the journal Prostate. The study’s researchers wrote: “Anandamide (ANA) is an endogenous lipid that acts as a cannabinoid receptor ligand and has potent antitumor activity in various types of cancer cells. The potent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of ANA on metastatic prostate cancer cells provide the basis for the design of novel therapeutic agents for the effective treatment of recurrent and invasive prostate cancers” (51).
23. In 2012, a study titled “Role of cannabinoids in prostate cancer. Basic scientific perspectives and potential clinical applications” was published in the Indian Journal of Urology. The study’s researchers wrote: “Experimental evidence suggests that prostate tissues have cannabinoid receptors and their stimulation contributes to anti-androgenic effects. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms “cannabis”, “cannabinoids”, “prostate cancer” and “cancer pain management”, with emphasis on the most recent publications. Prostate cancer cells have increased expression of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, and their stimulation results in reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis and reduced expression of androgen receptors and secretion of prostate-specific antigens. The endocannabinoid system has recently come into the spotlight of medical research and has been considered a powerful therapeutic agent since the 1980s.
In 2005, Sarfaraz and colleagues showed increased expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in cultured prostate cancer cells compared to normal prostate cells and that treatment of prostate cancer cells with the cannabinoid CB1/CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reduction in cell viability and increased apoptosis (cell death) along with a decrease in androgen receptor protein expression and decreased PSA expression, indicating that cannabinoids should be considered as agents for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Our conclusion is that there should be interest in conducting clinical trials involving medicinal cannabis or other cannabinoid components compared with clinical markers such as PSA with controls, particularly in men with metastatic bone cancer, who would benefit not only from the potential anti-androgenic effects of cannabinoids, but also from the analgesia of bone pain, improved quality of life, and at the same time reduced consumption of narcotics and non-dependence on opioids.”
The researchers also refer to the management of cancer pain with cannabinoids: “Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are found primarily in the central nervous system and in less abundance in some peripheral tissues. At the peripheral level, they are found in the adrenal glands, adipose tissue, heart, liver, lungs, prostate, uterus, ovaries, testes, bone marrow, thymus, tonsils, and presynaptic nerve endings. More importantly for the purposes of this review, they are found at the central and peripheral levels of the biochemical pain pathways. The distribution of cannabinoid receptors provides an anatomical explanation for the analgesic actions of cannabinoids. Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol is the most psychostimulant component of the natural cannabinoids and has the greatest analgesic effect.
Cannabidiol, another major constituent of the Cannabis sativa plant, has the same therapeutic effects as tetrahydrocannabinol (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and others), but with a different pharmacological profile. The effect of cannabinoids has also been studied clinically in cancer pain. Initial studies identified a modest effect of 20 mg of oral Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol equivalent to 120 mg of codeine (an alkaloid derived from opium)” (52).
24. In 2014, a study titled “Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms” was published in the British Journal of Pharmacology (53).
G. Colon Cancer
25. In 2012, a study titled “The Chemo-Preventive Effects of the Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoid Cannabidiol in Experimental Colon Cancer” was published in the Journal of Molecular Medicine. The study’s researchers wrote: “Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa, has pharmacological actions (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the colon) and mechanisms (inhibition of the enzymatic degradation of endocannabinoids) that are potentially beneficial for colon carcinogenesis. The conclusion is that cannabidiol exerts a chemo-preventive effect in vivo (in living organisms) and reduces cell proliferation through multiple mechanisms” (54).
26. In 2009, a study titled “Cannabinoids in Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer” was published in the journal Pharmacology Research. The study’s researchers wrote: “Emerging evidence suggests that cannabinoids have beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation and cancer. Adaptive changes in the endocannabinoid system have been observed in intestinal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Studies in epithelial cells have shown that cannabinoids exert anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and apoptotic effects as well as reduced cytokine release and promote wound healing. In vivo, cannabinoids – through direct or indirect activation of CB(1) and/or CB(2) receptors – exert protective effects in well-established models of intestinal inflammation and colon cancer. Pharmacological elevation of endocannabinoid levels may be a promising strategy for the treatment of intestinal inflammation and colon cancer” (55).
27. In 2005, a study was published in the journal Gut entitled “The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, induces cell death in colon carcinoma cells: a potential role for cyclooxygenase 2” (56).
28. In 2008, a study from the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center was published entitled “Cannabinoid receptor blockade promotes colon tumor growth.” Let’s see what the university study says: “New preclinical research shows that the cell surface cannabinoid receptor CB1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in human colon cancer, scientists reported in the August issue of the journal Cancer Research. CB1 is well-known for relieving pain and nausea, improving mood, and stimulating appetite. It now serves as a novel pathway for cancer prevention and treatment.
“We have found that CB1 expression is lost in most cancers, and when that happens, a protein that promotes cancer is free to block cell death,” said Dr. Raymond DuBois, dean and vice president of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. DuBois and his colleagues at the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center also show that CB1 expression can be restored with an existing drug, decitabine. They found that mice that were prone to developing cancer and that also had functional CB1 receptors developed fewer and smaller cancers when treated with a drug that mimics a cannabinoid receptor ligand.
Ligands are molecules that work by binding to specific receptors. Agonists are synthetic molecules that mimic the action of a natural molecule. “The potential application of cannabinoids as anti-tumor drugs is an exciting prospect, because synthetic substances that mimic the action of natural cannabinoids are now being evaluated for the treatment of side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy,” said DuBois. “Re-establishing CB1 and treating with synthetic substances that mimic the action of natural cannabinoids could provide a new approach to treating or preventing colon cancer” (57).
U. Ovarian Cancer
29. In 2006, a study titled “Cannabinoid Receptors as a Target for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer” was published in the American Association of Cancer Research. The study’s researchers wrote: “Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women and is the most common gynecological malignancy. Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate, with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 30%. Currently, there are insufficient treatment options for ovarian cancer, and therefore there is a need to develop new approaches to treat this disease.
Cannabinoids, the active ingredients of Cannabis sativa, and their derivatives have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological actions, such as cell growth inhibition and tumor regression.” Researchers analyze the data on the therapeutic effect of cannabis in ovarian cancer and emphasize the need for a new therapeutic approach to ovarian cancer with cannabinoids (58).
Th. Blood Cancer
30. In 2002, a study entitled “Targeting cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy for the treatment of malignant lymphoblastic disease” was published in the journal Blood (59).
31. In 2006, a study titled “Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells is regulated by mitochondrial translocation of Bad” was published in the journal Molecular Cancer Research. The study’s researchers wrote: “Plant cannabinoids, including Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, induce apoptosis (cell death) in leukemia cells, although the exact mechanism remains unclear.” The researchers in this study are investigating the mechanisms of the anticancer effects of cannabinoids against leukemia (60).
32. In 2008, a study entitled “Expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Growth arrest through receptor activation” was published in the International Journal of Cancer (61).
I. Skin cancer
33. In 2003, a study entitled “Inhibition of Skin Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis by Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors” was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (62).
K. Liver Cancer
34. In 2011, a study entitled “Antitumor Effects of Cannabinoids in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of AMPK-Dependent Activation in Autophagy” was published in the journal Cell Death and Differentiation. The study authors wrote: “Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. When these tumors are in advanced stages, few treatment options are available. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new therapies to combat the disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of cannabinoids on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
We found that Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main constituent of Cannabis sativa, and JWH-015 (a cannabinoid receptor mimic) reduced the viability of human liver cells HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cells) and HuH-7 (hepatocellular carcinoma cells), an effect that was mediated by stimulation of CB(2) receptors. The cannabinoids were able to inhibit tumor growth. Our findings may contribute to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma” (63).
L. Bladder Cancer
35. In 2013, a study was published in the Journal of the American Urological Association showing that cannabis reduces the risk of bladder cancer. This news story was published on May 10, 2013 by Medscape under the title “Marijuana May Lower Bladder Cancer Risk.” Let’s see what the article says:
“Smoking marijuana may reduce a smoker’s risk of bladder cancer, a new study suggests. Analyzing a large retrospective patient database, researchers at Kaiser Permanente in California found that patients who reported using marijuana were 45 percent less likely to be diagnosed with bladder cancer than patients who never smoked. “That’s very impressive, because bladder cancer is difficult to treat,” said Anil Thomas, a urologist at Southern California Permanente Medical Group.
Dr. Thomas presented the study at the 2013 annual scientific meeting of the American Urological Association. “We know that tobacco smoking (cigarettes, pipes) is the most established risk factor for bladder cancer,” said Dr. Thomas. “But there are currently no epidemiological studies that have definitively characterized the association between cannabis use and bladder cancer.”
To fill the gap, Dr. Thomas and his colleagues analyzed a survey of 82,050 men from Northern and Southern California Kaiser Permanente, a health maintenance organization, conducted in 2002 and 2003. Over the next 11 years, more patients who reported not using cannabis than those who reported using it developed bladder tumors. The difference was statistically significant. However, patients who smoked only tobacco (cigarettes or a pipe) had an increased risk of bladder cancer, and those who smoked both tobacco and marijuana had about the same risk as those who smoked neither. This may explain why previous studies have not revealed a protective effect of marijuana, said Dr. Thomas. “To see an effect, it is necessary to separate marijuana smokers from non-tobacco smokers” (64).
The results are impressive. This study shows that cannabis protects against bladder cancer (and certainly other cancers), while tobacco (cigarettes, etc.) causes bladder cancer (and many other forms of cancer). And yet cigarettes are allowed, while cannabis is prohibited!
Conclusion
Cannabis can be a cure for cancer, and it helps with many other diseases much more effectively and safely than chemically prescribed drugs. The fact that someone cannot go to their doctor or a Greek hospital and legally use cannabis to treat cancer (or any other disease cannabis helps with, such as epilepsy), I consider it criminal. In this way, some crafty people can illegally sell cannabis oil (which may not be authentic cannabis oil) and make money at the expense of the consumer’s health.
Some pharmaceutical companies have manufactured synthetic cannabinoids, but these are not as safe as the natural cannabinoids of the plant, and they have side effects. The free medicinal use of cannabis is a threat to pharmaceutical companies, because the medicinal use of this plant will cause most of the drugs on the market to be thrown into the trash. The non-free medicinal use of cannabis is a crime against humanity!
(Note: This chapter on cannabis is for informational purposes only. We do not endorse the use of cannabis for any purpose other than medical use. Please consult your doctor if you wish to use medicinal cannabis to treat your condition.)
Marios Dimopoulos is a naturopathic and alternative nutritionist, a member of the American Council of Applied Clinical Nutrition and the American Association of Drugless Practitioners. He is the author of books on natural medicine.
Two of his books are “Prevent Prostate and Breast Cancer – All Natural Treatments” and “Natural Methods of Treating Cancer”
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ
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Marios Dimopoulos
Marios Dimopoulos is a naturopathic nutritionist, a member of the American Council of Applied Clinical Nutrition, the American Association of Drugless Practitioners, the American Association of Nutritional Consultants, the Canadian Association of Natural Nutritional Practitioners, and the Association for Natural Medicine in Europe. He is an author and has authored 26 books on nutrition and natural medicine to date.